Database failed to start with errors ORA-01565 ORA-17503 ORA-27300 ORA-27301 ORA-27302

 When starting database, get errors ORA-01565 ORA-17503 ORA-27300 ORA-27301 ORA-27302. For example,

$ srvctl start database -db db01
PRCR-1079 : Failed to start resource ora.db01.db
CRS-5017: The resource action "ora.db01.db start" encountered the following error:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/db01/parameterfile/spfiledb01.ora'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:10 Failed to open file +DATA/db01/parameterfile/spfiledb01.ora
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:open failed with status: 13
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Permission denied
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: sskgmsmr_7
. For details refer to "(:CLSN00107:)" in "/u01/app/grid/diag/crs/host01/crs/trace/ohasd_oraagent_grid.trc".

CRS-2674: Start of 'ora.db01.db' on 'host01' failed

The ORA-2730x errors could be seen in many different scenarios, they are usually caused by OS system call error or OS configuration issue and are in the form of

ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:%s failed with status: %s
ORA-27301: OS failure message: %s
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: %s

One of them is as in previous example, it shows error ORA-27300 with 'status 13' and ORA-27302 with 'sskgmsmr_7'. This issue could happen when Oracle ASM is running as an account (usually grid) which is different from Oracle database home owner (usually oracle). For example, Oracle Grid Infrastructure (GI) installation or role separate Oracle Restart (standalone GI) installation. In these environments, if you got following errors

ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:open failed with status: 13
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Permission denied
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: sskgmsmr_7

The culprit should be the permission of the directory "<GRID_HOME>/dbs" or file "<GRID_HOME>/dbs/ab_+ASM.dat". The permissions in the previous example system as following

$ ls -ld /u01/app/grid/product/19.0.0/grid_1/dbs
drwxr-xr-x    2 grid     oinstall        256 Feb 09 14:39 /u01/app/grid/product/19.0.0/grid_1/dbs
$ cd /u01/app/grid/product/19.0.0/grid_1/dbs
$ ls -l
total 56
-rw-rw----    1 grid     oinstall       2304 Feb 09 14:39 ab_+ASM.dat
-rw-rw----    1 grid     oinstall       1544 Feb 09 15:00 hc_+ASM.dat
-rw-r-----    1 grid     oinstall         57 Sep 25 2020  init+ASM.ora
-rw-r--r--    1 grid     oinstall       3079 May 16 2015  init.ora
-rw-r-----    1 grid     oinstall       9728 Sep 25 2020  orapw+ASM

Everyone has read/execute (r-x) permission on directory "dbs", but only owner (grid) and group (oinstall) have read/write permission on file "ab_+ASM.dat" and other users do not have access to the file.

The issues can be fixed by granting read permission to other users as following

$ chmod o+r ab_+ASM.dat
$ ls -l
total 56
-rw-rw-r--    1 grid     oinstall       2304 Feb 09 14:39 ab_+ASM.dat
-rw-rw----    1 grid     oinstall       1544 Feb 09 15:09 hc_+ASM.dat
-rw-r-----    1 grid     oinstall         57 Sep 25 2020  init+ASM.ora
-rw-r--r--    1 grid     oinstall       3079 May 16 2015  init.ora
-rw-r-----    1 grid     oinstall       9728 Sep 25 2020  orapw+ASM